Abstract: China was one of the countries that transferred plebiscite comparatively early．At five-four movement periods，various democratic thoughts including plebiscite were all the fashion，among which Sun Yat-sen’s theory of direct democracy was an outstanding representative．The first practice of plebiscite occurred in the United-province Autonomy Movement，in which all the provincial people participated in establishing provincial constitution．Thereafter，National Government got it a big step forward：plebiscite system was formally fitted into national constitution and got limited enforcement in the local autonomy．

Key words: plebiscite, initiative, referendum

摘要： 中国是较早引进公民投票理论和制度的国家之一。五四时期，包括公民投票在内的各种民主思潮风行一时，孙中山的直接民权学说是其中的杰实代表。民初联省自治运动是我国公民投票的首次实践，全民参与制宪是其主要标志。南京国民政府时期，公民投票制度在形式上纳入国家宪政体制，并在县级以下的地方自治中得到有限度的实施。

关键词: 公民投票（公投） , 创制 , 复决