Abstract:
According to Hans Kelsen，the legal duty exists because of the legal punishment；the legal duty isa kind of duty not to take an action which deserves legal punishment．Kelsen’s‘legal duty’only means obeying becauseof fearing to be punished．However，obeying because of fearing to be punished and consideration to avoid the harmsshould only be considered as one kind of wise actions according to Natural Law．It is a rational choice．It is not a moralduty．Moral duty stems from human’s conscience．Legal duty and moral duty share the same origin，which originate fromhuman’s conscience．
Key words:
duty；&ldquo,
ought to be&rdquo,
；ration；conscience
摘要： 凯尔森认为法律义务是因法律制裁而存在；法律义务就是应当不做作为法律制裁的条件的行为。这样，凯尔森所理解的“法律义务”仅有因畏惧制裁而服从的含义。但在自然法学看来，因畏惧制裁、避免受害而服从的“应当”只是一种明智行为，是一种理性选择行为，它不是道德义务。道德义务从根源上说来自人们的良知。法律义务与道德义务同源，同样来自于人们的良知意识。
关键词:
义务 ,
应当 ,
理性 ,
良知
ZHANG Heng-Shan. The Difference between Duty of Conscience and Rational‘Ought to be’：On the Distinction between the Duty Based on Natural Law and Hans Kelsen’s‘Duty’Based on Positive Law[J]. , 2007(1): 108-115.
张恒山. 良知义务与理性“应当“之别——评自然法学义务与凯尔森实证法学的“义务“的分野[J]. 法学家, 2007(1): 108-115.