Abstract: The problems coming with collective disputes stem from the tension between the disputes and the two-party structure of civil procedure, but different collective disputes pose different challenges, and raise different require-ments of disputes resolution systems. Based on constructional, functional and technical comparisons among the representative collective disputes resolution systems in western countries, it is found that administrative enforce-ment of law, injunctive action taken by associations and administrative agencies, skimming-off action, opt-in col-lective litigation, opt-out litigation are suitable for certain categories of collective disputes. The financial risk of collective litigations can be reduced through adjustment of litigation fee and lawyer’s fee and the third-party foun-dation. Nevertheless, in view of the problematic and approaches of this paper, the related conclusions cannot be understood as legislative propositions.

Key words: Collective Disputes, Class Action, Model Action, Action Taken by Associations, Administra-tive Enforcement of Law

摘要： 群体性纠纷带来问题的根源在于它与“两造诉讼”结构的紧张关系，但是，不同类型的群体性纠纷带来的挑战并不完全相同，对纠纷解决机制的要求也不尽相同。通过对西方国家代表性的群体性纠纷解决机制进行结构的、功能的和技术的比较，可以发现，行政机关执法、社会团体与行政机关提起的不作为之诉、撇去不法收益之诉、加入制群体诉讼、退出制群体诉讼分别适合特定类型的群体性纠纷；群体性诉讼中的费用风险问题，则可以通过诉讼费用制度、律师收费制度的调整或者第三方资助的途径解决。

关键词: 群体性纠纷, 集团诉讼, 示范诉讼, 团体诉讼, 行政机关执法