Abstract: General lien aims at balancing the relationship of collective obligation between two merchants incurred byseparate deals, chiefly characterized as mutual application between a set of debts and properties under lien. Be-sides‘enterprises' referred in article 231 of Chinese Real Right Law，it is justified to apply general lien on lease-holding rural households with certain quantitative criterion, persons engaged in individual business and public in-stitutions engaged in business. Debts leading to general lien include those raised by juristic acts and the ones pre-scribed by law directly. General lien is applicable to those debts acquired originally or by succession. Good-faithacquisition is excluded to apply to general lien, varied from particular lien.

Key words: General Lien, Particular Lien, Collective Obligation, Properties Under Lien

摘要： 商事留置权旨在平衡两个商人因多次商事交往形成的集合性债权债务关系，核心特征在于“债权”和“留置物”的交互适用性。商事留置权的主体除“企业”外，还应包括符合一定标准的农村承包经营户、个体工商户、经营性事业单位等主体。其债权既可以是依法律行为取得，也可以是依法律规定而生；既可以是原始取得，也可以是继受取得。商事留置权与民事留置权不同，不适用善意取得制度。

关键词: 商事留置权, 企业, 集合性债权债务关系, 留置物