Abstract: In the long human history, laborer has evolved from “labor animal”, the independent personality as “natural person” and to equal citizenship. In ancient times, even in late antiguity, the laborer  was regarded as“labor animal”. In capitalist society, abstract equal legal personality doesn't really  change much enslaved laborers. Since modern times, the idea of justice in relation to laborer is a  core labor law concept and the main problem of laborer concept to reconstruct their citizenship. Laborer’s citizenship includes the liberal rights, political rights and social rights of the compound  category.

Key words: Laborer, Circumstances, Status, Right

摘要： 劳动者在漫长的历史中经历了从“劳动动物”到具有独立人格的“自然人”再到平等公民的身份嬗变：在古代甚至近古的制度史上，劳动者被当作“劳动动物”，没有“人”的法律资格。资本主义雇佣劳动时代来临时，抽象平等的法律人格并没有真正改变劳动者备受奴役的境况，雇佣劳动中劳动者事实上的从属身份与所谓的“法律主体”地位之间长期对立。重释劳动者概念的核心问题是对劳动者公民身份的法律再造，作为类型化的法律概念，它将劳动者的公民身份看作是自由权利、政治权利和社会权利的复合范畴并得到劳动权制度体系发展的支持。它坚持以“事实优先”原则作为认定劳动者身份的法律准则，发展出独具特色的概念界定规则，实现了“劳动者”法律概念在理念与制度之间的和谐与稳定。

关键词: 劳动者, 境况, 身份, 权利