Abstract: Whether a preferential payment or the provision of security for preexisting debt by an insolvent debtor is voidable under Fraudulent Transfer Rules of Contract Law, depends on to what extend shall the pro rata sharing principle be honored under civil substantial law system.This issue is closely related to different distribution schemes implemented by civil enforcement law and bankruptcy law.This article suggests that, in China, where the debtor is a citizen or any other organization that cannot go bankruptcy, the unpaid creditor shall, though in defined circumstances, obtain avoidance of the preference, so that the right of unpaid creditors to pro rata satisfactions recognized by distribution rules of enforcement law can be realized.Where the debtor is an enterprise legal person, however, since the defining characteristic of enforcement law is the“race of diligence”, outside of bankruptcy, preferences shall be regarded as valid.

Key words: Preferences, Fraudulent Transfer Rules, Avoiding Powers in Bankruptcy, pro rata Sharing Principle

摘要： 债务人在资不抵债情况下实施对个别债权人的优待清偿或提供财产担保的偏颇行为时，其他未获清偿债权人能否对此种行为行使债权人撤销权，取决于在民事实体法秩序下，债权回收应在多大程度上重视债权人平等原则，而这一问题又与民事强制执行制度和破产制度的规则安排密切相关。当债务人是自然人或非法人组织从而不适用破产程序时，为了配合参与分配制度，尽可能实现债权人的公平受偿，应当有限度地认可偏颇行为的撤销；而当债务人是企业法人时，由于强制执行采取优先主义原则，偏颇行为在破产程序外不可被撤销。

关键词: 偏颇行为, 债权人撤销权, 破产撤销, 债权人平等原则