Abstract: The core issues of adult guardianship studies are the excludability of Legal Capacity and categorization of Legal Adult Guardianship. The former focuses on independent study of decision-making capacity. According to different building model, the latter is divided into monadic doctrine and pluralistic doctrine. Nevertheless, The General Provisions of Civil Code continues adopting the abstract model on Decision-Making Capacity judgment and a single type of guardianship. The study of Adult Guardianship faces an unprecedented plight. The real cause of legal system reform is not the self-examination on its scientific thoughts, but the scientific self-reshaping on adult guardianship system. Old guardianship legal system cannot fit the Recursive Rule of Concept Application. Significant distinguish ment among concept elements in system will consequently cut off the connection between legal system and reality. At this point, the study should turn from solo legislative theory level into the combination of legislative theory and interpretation theory level. Therefore, a systematic investigation among Legal Capacity, Legal behavior and Adult Guardianship is necessary. Given that, inspection on intention elements in Legal Capacity judgment through law interpretation is necessary which can distinguish the criterion of Decision-Making Capacity judgment between Legal Incapacity and Legal Limited Capacity. By using article 67 of The Supreme People's Court's Opinion on Carrying out Several Issues in General Principles of the Civil Law can make decision-making capacity as the functional element of legal act. On the construction of guardianship system, by referencing Beistandschaft system of Swiss Civil Code, a gradational structure on adult guardianship can be designed to coordinate guardianship, deputy guardianship and substitutive guardianship.

Key words: Adult Guardianship, Legal Capacity, Decision-Making Capacity, Intention Element, Gradational Structure

摘要： 推进成年监护去行为能力化及类型化改革系既有研究之核心议题。前者以实现意思能力之独立考察为主，后者依构建模式分为一元说与多元说。但生效后之《民法总则》仍对意思能力采抽象考察模式，并仅设监护一种类型。旧有制度无法契合体系中概念适用的递归法则，体系内不同概念间要素内容的显著差异，将必然切断制度与现实之间的联系。至此，应在研究范式上，由纯粹的立法论层面转进到立法论与解释论相结合之阶段，并对行为能力、法律行为与成年监护做体系性考察。在行为能力欠缺判断中，应增加对意思要素的考察，经解释论路径区分无行为能力与限制行为能力判断中的意思能力标准。通过《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行〈中华人民共和国民法通则〉若干问题的意见(试行)》（简称《民通意见》）第67条将意思能力确定为法律行为中的效力性要件。同时，在法定监护的制度构建上，建议借鉴瑞士民法典保佐制度，在监护内部实现协助型、代理型和替代型三种类型之层级化制度设计。

关键词: 成年监护, 行为能力, 意思能力, 意思要素, 层级化