Abstract: Opening big data held by the government has multiple values of improving government governance and serving social development.The appropriate openness of government data not only meets the needs of the daily administration of the department, but also limits open government data to a reasonable extent for the public interests.There are too many general regulations and oversized operating space for discretion in scope and intensity of open government data in practice, providing the possibility of administrative power to control data arbitrarily.Controlling discretion of opening government data should seek a balance between the purpose of strict control and the need for flexible management.In particular, while clarifying openness as a basic principle, appropriate scope for discretion is important in key data and sensitive data.Meanwhile, the procedures for openness on application should be regulated strictly to ensure that discretion is fully exercised within the rational space consistent with administrative purposes.

Key words: Open Government Data, Discretion, Legal Controls

摘要： 开放政府掌握的大数据兼具提升政府治理和服务社会发展等多重价值,适当的开放既可满足部门日常行政管理的需要,又能够从公共利益出发将开放限定在合理范围内。实践中对数据开放范围、强度的裁量存在概括性规定过多、操作空间过大等问题,为管控数据的行政权力专断提供了可能。控制数据开放裁量权应在严格控权目的和灵活管理需要之间寻求平衡,按照“两端缩小,中间引导”建立权力控制机制,在重点领域开放与敏感数据不开放的内容上寻求裁量空间,同时严格规范依申请开放的程序,保证裁量权在符合行政目的理性空间内得到充分行使。

关键词: 政府数据开放, 裁量权, 法律控制