Abstract: Article 967 and the following articles (to Article 978) of the Civil Code constitute regulations group of partnership contract; their legislative purpose is to regulate the partnership relationship in civil law in the form of contract, and provide the general law foundation for Partnership Enterprise Law and other related separate laws. Article 967 sets out definition for legislation. However, it does not define partnership contract from the perspective of the main payment obligation, instead, it extracts three elements of “joint enterprise purpose”,“shared interests” and “shared risks” as the constitutive elements of partnership contract that establish a type of partnership contract from the perspective of content control. According to Article 967, the furtherance obligations such as “joint contribute capital” and “joint operation” adopted in old laws and the comparative laws are not necessarily article of partnership contract. Therefore, in terms of legal structure, partnership contract in Civil Code of PRC is given the appearance of a framework agreement. Meanwhile, with regard to its legal character, it involves the issue of the nature of joint acts of law related to agreement and the capacity for civil rights related to organization. Common types of disputes in practice involve unnamed partnership and Concept-Reality dispute.

Key words: Partnership Contract, Joint Enterprise Purpose, Shared Interests, Shared Risks, Concept-Reality Dispute

摘要： 《民法典》第967条至第978条,构成合伙合同的规范群;其立法目的在于以合同形式规范民法上的合伙关系,并为《合伙企业法》等单行法供给一般法支撑。第967条为立法定义,但并未从主给付义务角度定义合伙合同,而是提取“共同的事业目的”“共享利益”“共担风险”三个要素,作为合伙合同的构成要件,从内容控制角度确立合伙合同的类型。旧法及比较法上所采的共同出资、共同经营等促进义务,依据第967条并非合伙合同的必备条款,故而就法律结构而言,我国法上的合伙合同更具框架协议的外观;同时,就法律性质而言,涉及协议面向的共同法律行为属性及组织面向的民事权利能力疑问。实务中常见的类型争议,则包括隐名合伙与名实之辩。

关键词: 合伙合同, 共同的事业目的, 共享收益, 共担风险, 名实之辩