Abstract: As a significant institutional innovation during the deepening phase of the judicial responsibility system reform, the Review and Verification System is designed to reconstruct the dynamic equilibrium between “decentralization” and “supervision.” An empirical investigation based on comprehensive data from courts at all three levels in H Province for the year 2024 reveals that the review and verification process exhibits a pronounced feature of “structured hierarchical supervision,” with its intensity of application varying according to court level, adjudicative domain, personnel characteristics, and case tags.The results of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Differences (DID) analyses show that the review and verification mechanism exerts a significant “treatment effect” on the quality and efficiency of adjudication, with the appeal rate, rate of reversal and remand, and retrial petition rate of reviewed cases being lower than those of the matched control group.However, questionnaire survey results uncover a notable gap between objective effectiveness and subjective perception, giving rise to an “efficacy perception paradox.” At present, the Review and Verification System has evolved from the traditional model of “administrative approval” toward a new paradigm of “procedural governance.” Its future development should achieve a systemic transformation from “regulatory control” to “quality enablement” through statutory guidance via power-and-responsibility lists, dynamic optimization of case classification, deep integration of artificial intelligence, and systemic restructuring of assessment incentives.

Key words: Review and Verification System, Judgment Quality Control, Trial Supervision and Management, Judicial Responsibility System, Empirical Research

摘要： 阅核制作为司法责任制改革深化阶段的重要制度创新,旨在重构“放权”与“监督”之间的动态平衡。基于H省三级法院2024年全口径数据的实证考察发现,阅核呈现出显著的“结构化差序监管”特征,其适用强度因法院审级、审判领域、人员特征及案件标签而有不同。倾向得分匹配(PSM)与双重差分模型(DID)分析结果显示,阅核对审判质效产生了明显的“处理效应”,经阅核案件的上诉率、改发率及申诉再审率分别较匹配对照组低。然而,问卷调查结果揭示其客观效能与主观感知存在明显落差,形成一种“效能感知悖论”。当前,阅核制已从传统的“行政化审批”迈向“程序化治理”的新范式,其未来发展需通过权责清单的法定指引、案件分类的动态优化、人工智能的深度嵌入以及考核激励的体系重构,实现从“监管控制”向“质量赋能”的系统性转型。

关键词: 阅核制, 裁判质量控制, 审判监督管理, 司法责任制, 实证研究