摘要: 越来越多的国际条约包含贸易限制措施,这些贸易限制措施被用来追求各种非贸易目标或价值,比如环境、人权、劳工标准等,这种做法将增加WTO规则与其他国际法规则之间相互冲突的可能性。但是,国际法中还找不到任何明确的方法以确定贸易法与人权法、环境法或海洋法等的关系。不过,WTO规则与其他国际法规则之间跨体制的规则冲突仍可通过协调一致的解释而避免,这是因为WTO的规定中经常使用一般的、广泛的条款,为其解释留下了余地,使WTO裁决机构得以考虑到其他国际义务。在解释WTO的规定时,可采用国际法推定为不冲突的方法避免冲突;在明显可看出一个WTO协定的用语具有演变的意义、带有一些内在“弹性”时,还可以考虑使用演变解释的方法。
关键词:
WTO规则,
非WTO规则,
规则冲突,
解决路径
Abstract: More and more international treaties contain trade-restricting measures, which are used to pursue all kinds ofnontrade objectives or values, such as environment, human rights and labour standards. This practice will in-crease the possibility of conflicts between WTO rules and other rules of international law. However, there is nodefinite solution in international law to determine the relationship between trade law and other fields such as hu-man rights law, environmental law or maritime law. But cross-systematic conflicts between WTO rules and otherrules of international law still can be avoided师harmonious interpretation, for the reason that general and broadclauses in WTO rules leave room for interpretation and make WTO adjudicating bodies take other non-WTO inter-national obligations into consideration. In the interpretation of WTO provisions, conflicts can be avoided by pre-sumption against conflict in international law. When a term of WTO agreements obviously has evolutionary mean-ings and some intrinsic “flexibility”,the method of evolutionary interpretation can be taken into account.
Key words:
WTO Rules,
Non-WTO Rules,
Norm Conflict,
Solution
许楚敬. 跨WTO体制的规则冲突及其解决路径[J]. 法学家, 2011(2): 140-151.
XU Chu-Jing. Norm Conflict of Cross-WTO Regime and Its Solution[J]. , 2011(2): 140-151.