摘要： 起诉标准是原告进入法院的“钥匙”，民事诉讼程序启动的“门槛”。半个多世纪以来，美国通知起诉标准深入人心，原告起诉不需主张具体事实。2007年，联邦最高法院在Twombly案中首次提出合理起诉标准，要求原告起诉应提出具体事实，实现对诉讼主张的论证从“可能性”到“合理性”的转变；2009年，Iqbal案将其适用于所有民事案件。合理起诉标准在美国的出现，虽具民事司法改革的必然性和制度价值选择的合理性，但也存在当事人难以接近司法和规避联邦法院管辖等困境，应通过设定合理的标准将其适用范围限定在复杂民事案件中。该标准对我国民事起诉条件的科学设定以及原告起诉事实的具体化等问题也具有启示意义。

关键词: Twombly案, Iqbal案, 通知起诉标准, 合理起诉标准

Abstract: The pleading standard is the plaintiff's “key” to the court and the threshould to initiate a civil action ．Morethan fifty years, notice pleading has deep influence in America and plaintiff needs not provide the details of factsin pleading. However, in 2007 the Supreme Court in the Twombly for the first time put up plausible pleadingstandard which required plaintiff to provide factual details to illustrate his claim is plausible and not just conceiv-able. In 2009 the Court in Iqbal claimed plausible pleading standard should be applied to all civil cases. The ap-pearance of plausible pleading standard is necessary and reasonable in America, but it also has some plights suchas the plaintiff's difficulties on access to justice and the forum shopping, which should be perfected by formallegislation that confines its scope only to the complex civil cases. Furthermore, the standard is particularly in-stnrctive to China in such aspects as the scientific regulation of civil pleading standard and the particulization offacts provided by plaintiff in pleading.

Key words: Twombly；Iqbal , Notice Pleading, Plausible Pleading