摘要： 最早的宪法用语πολιτετα是基于希腊人的经验确立的，它代表了一种“主体际关系”的宪法观。往后的宪法用语一直循着希腊思想的线索演变。西塞罗把πολιτετα拉丁化，同时把相应的宪法观念客观化为对公共事务的处理规则。西塞罗还基于当时的修辞学和医学的成就打造了rei publicae status和rei publicae constitutio两个表示宪法的词汇，并把它们的配词设定为可以互换。托马斯·阿奎那用ordinatio civitatis、 ordo civitatis、 regimen诠释了亚里士多德的宪法观念，把“主体际关系”的含义缩减为阶级关系的含义。进入民族国家时代后，产生了基本法、政治法、constitution、 Verfassung等表示宪法的民族语言词汇，反映着民族-领土国家的政治现实，不同于古代宪法反映的城邦制国家的政治现实。历史上有很多词汇表示宪法，仅仅以constitution为线索考察西方语言中的宪法词汇史是片面的。

关键词: 希腊宪法, 罗马宪法, 中世纪宪法, 现代宪法

Abstract: The most ancient term of constitution is the Greek word “πολιτεια”，established on the basis of the constitu-tionalist experience of the ancient Greek peoples and representing a kind of constitutional concept of “Inter-sub-ject relationships”．Afterwards the terms for constitution evolved based on the clue of Ancient Greek thought. TheGreek word “πολιτεια” was Latinized by Cicero, who objectified the concept of constitution as rules of public af-fairs. Cicero also made two phrases of rei publicae status and rei publicae constitutio to express constitution, andset the word of status and the word of constitutio to substitute each other. Thomas Aquinas used ordinatio civi-tatis, ordo civitatis and regimen to explain Arislotle's concept of constitution, and reduced its meaning of “inter-subject relationships” to “class relationships”．After the nation-state period, the words for constitution in manynational languages emerged，such as lois fondamentales, loi politique, constitution, Verfassung, etc. They reflectthe political reality of territory-nation state, which is different from the political reality of city-state reflected byancient constitutions. As there，many words for express constitution in history, it is ex parte to only focus onthe word “constitution” in researching the history of terminology of constitution in western languages.

Key words: Greek Constitutions, Roman Constitution, Constitutions in Middle Ages, Modern Constitutions