摘要： 刑事错案的生产机制，可被分解为两个关键的步骤。第一个步骤是“构造故事”，从认知心理学的角度来观察，由于认知系统中的系统一的自发作用，侦查机关对案件事实的认识存在着普遍的认知偏差，主要有代表性偏差、易得性偏差和锚定性偏差，这些认知偏差是导致刑事错案的直接诱因。第二个步骤是“证实(伪)故事”，在刑事错案中，侦查机关偏爱运用刑讯逼供手段来证实“犯罪故事”，从认知心理学的角度来观察，这是“过度自信效应”“展望理论效应”和“沉没成本效应”作用的结果。

关键词: 刑事错案, 认知心理学, 认知偏差, 刑讯逼供, 心理学故事

Abstract: The production mechanism of criminal misjudged cases can be divided into two steps. The first step is to construct a crime story. Based on the cognitive psychology, because of the spontaneous action of cognitive systemⅠof our brains, cognitive biases, main representativeness biases, availability biases and anchor biases should be responsible for criminal misjudged cases and will directly dominate our thinking. The second step is to confirm or falsify crime story. On the basis of the cognitive psychology, because of“theory of overconfidence”, “prospect theory”and “sunk cost effects”, the investigating authorities will prefer torture and give up the principle of presumption of innocence and provision of no torture.

Key words: Criminal Misjudged Cases, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Biases, Torture, Psychological Story