摘要： 对审判监督程序进行“诉权化改造”，构建民事“再审之诉”的观点在理论与实务界获得了高度的共识。但是，再审之诉所隐含的理论悖论没有得到正视；经历两度修改的审判监督程序在实践中并没有达到修法预期，依旧深陷再审难与再审滥的泥潭。与诉权的绝对性、不能附加条件的基本权利属性不同，申请再审权在性质上属于诉讼权利，且不同于上诉等基础性程序异议权，是一种非常异议权。该属性与既判力原理、再审程序补救功能具有高度的匹配性，应当以此为法理基础重述再审制度构建原理。

关键词: 再审之诉, 申请再审权, 程序异议权, 审判监督程序, 指导案例第7号

Abstract: There is a consensus, both in theory and practice field, that is：the right to apply retrial is the right of action, and our trial supervision program should be transformed to“litigation of retrial”.This view has affected the Civil Procedure Amendment Act.However, the implicit paradox of the retrial has not been noticed.The trial supervision procedures, after two amendments, still mire deeply in retrial difficult and abuse.Actually, the right to apply for retrial is different from the right of actio.The right of actio is an absolute, no-conditional and fundamental right.But the right to apply for retrial is a right of procedure dissent.And it is also different from the appeal and other basic procedure dissent right, for it is a unusual dissent right.This characteristic matches the theory of res judicata and the additional principle of retrial very well.It should be the theoretical basis for restating the retrial procedure.The purpose of retrial is to repair the legal justice.Therefore, it has the content of public interest, which requires limiting the parties disposition right, and distinguish with the re-started original case proceedings.

Key words: Retrial, Right to Apply Retrial, Dissent Right to Procedure, Trial Supervision Procedure, No.7 Guidance Case