摘要： 中国古代的司法权威是一种在当时有着全社会效力的等级制权威，这不仅是由于中国古代的法律与常识、道德在社会意义上有着连贯性与通透性，而且还因为中国古代通过“文盲/读书人”这一差异化的社会范畴，以及科举制对于物质与社会资本巨大的不对称分配，使得当时的司法官集合了在学问、道德、地位、财富与权力上超越于其他阶层的大部分优势。而到了功能分化的现代社会，多数人都变成了法盲。现代社会中的法盲不仅体现在对法律规范知识内容的无知上，也体现在对法律制度意义的隔膜上，于是法官也失去了对其他群体的整体性优势。为了树立法官的全社会性权威，一方面，应通过道德化的信息来装扮现代法律制度的“前台”，从而以一种认知成本较低的方式来传达法律制度“后台”的专业可靠性；另一方面，应当借鉴传统司法权威的建构方式，将不同社会领域的优点集合于法官身上，从而将法官打造成较高“等级”的社会阶层。

关键词: 文盲, 法盲, 分层式社会, 功能分化式社会, 司法权威

Abstract: The judicial authority of ancient Chinese society is a kind of hierarchy authority with whole social effect.It is not only because the meaning of the law, common sense and moral of ancient society are coherent and thorough, but also ancient judiciary had gathered most of advantages about knowledge, moral, status, treasure and power to transcend other social stratum, due to the difference category illiteracy/intellectual and asymmetric distribution of social and matter capital brought by imperial examination system.In the modern society of functional differentiation, most people become law-ignorant.The phenomenon of legal illiterates not only embodies the ignorance of legal norm knowledge, but also the estrangement of the meaning of modern legal systems.Judges also lose the whole advantage of other group.In order to set up the whole social authority, we should dress up the foreground of modern legal systems by moral information and then can infer the inherent reliability of backstage through a kind of method of lower cognitive cost.On the other hand, we should borrow the judicial authority construction method and concentrate the advantages of different social fields on judges, thus mold judges into superior social stratum.

Key words: Illiteracy, Legal Illiterate, Stratified Society, Functional Differentiated Society, Judicial Authority