摘要：

        《民法典》第679条的规范意图在于将自然人借款规定为要物合同，但要物性在实践与解释论层面都造成了一定的障碍，应区分民事自然人借款和商事意图的自然人借款，分别认定其成立要件。司法裁判普遍承认“在先借款合意”的效力，因此商事意图的自然人借款应采“二阶段合意”的法律构造。第679条规定的要物性不仅体现在成立要件方面，还表现为还款义务发生的要物性。第679条是半强制性规范，并不排斥非典型自然人借款的存在，应尊重当事人的意思，承认诺成的自然人借款合同。

关键词: 自然人借款, 要物性, 二阶段合意, 诺成

Abstract: The normative intention of Article 679 of the Civil Code is to define the loan of natural persons as the real contract. But this rule has caused certain obstacles to juridical practice and academic theory. It’s also necessary to distinguish the loan of civil natural persons and the loan of natural persons with commercial purpose and identify their establishment requirements respectively. The validity of“prior loan consensus”is recognized by most courts，and the formation of the loan of natural persons with commercial purpose should be explained as two-stage consensus. The“real essential element”requirement of Article 679 is not only reflected in the formation requirements，but also in the obligations of repayment. Article 679 is a semi-mandatory norm. The parties could conclude the loan as a consensual contract，which is by nature an innominate contract.

Key words: Loan of Natural Persons, Real Essential Element, Two-stage Consensus, Consensual