摘要： 《刑法》第17条是有关未成年人承担刑事责任的基础规范。未成年人在相邻接的责任年龄期犯同一犯罪,如对犯罪结果具有防止结果发生义务而未履行义务的,应承担刑事责任;如为同种数罪,则应考虑对应当承担刑事责任的后罪在量刑上予以优待。已满14周岁不满16周岁之人应当对抢劫罪的一种法条竞合与三种法律拟制情况承担刑事责任。已满12周岁不满14周岁之人承担刑事责任“情节恶劣”要件应采主客观结合说,对其启动核准追诉程序应在立案后,核准否定权非最高人民检察院专属,核准追诉过程中应当有辩护律师参与。在例外情况下可对未成年人判处无期徒刑。对“两小无猜”条款的解释应当采“特殊政策说”。专门矫治教育的决定机关专门教育委员会应当以教育行政部门为主导,其适用对象无年龄下限,执行期限一般为六个月到三年,并应扩大申请救济的权利主体范围。

关键词: 刑事责任年龄, 转化型抢劫, 核准追诉程序, 专门矫治教育

Abstract: Article 17 of the Criminal Law is the basic norm for the minors to bear criminal responsibility.If a minor commits the same crime during the adjacent responsible age-period, if he has the obligation to prevent the consequences of the crime but fails to perform the obligation, he shall bear criminal responsibility.If a minor commits several crimes of the same kind, the latter crime that should be penally imputed should be given preferential consideration in sentencing.Persons between the age of 14 and 16 shall bear criminal responsibility for the co-occurrence of one statutory provision and three legal fictions of the crime of robbery.A person between the age of 12 and 14 who bears criminal responsibility should be subject to a combination of subjective and objective elements.The approval procedure of Young Minors should be initiated after the case is filed.The right to deny approval is not exclusive to the Supreme People's Procuratorate.Defense attorneys are involved.The Minors can be sentenced to life imprisonment in exceptional circumstances.The interpretation of the “innocence of childhood-friends clause” should be “special policy theory”.The specialized education committee, the decision-making body for specialized correctional education, shall be led by the administrative department of education.There is no lower age limit for the applicable objects.The execution period is generally six months to three years, and the scope of the right subjects applying for relief shall be expanded.

Key words: Age of Criminal Responsibility, Crime of Transformed Robbery, Approval Procedure of Young Minors, Specialized Correctional Education