摘要： 作为自由权的行使方式,基本权利放弃兼具规范性和事实性,在基本权利保护范围、基本权利干预及基本权利干预阻却违宪事由构成的自由权三阶层审查框架各阶层都可能发生作用。在抽象层面,作为基本权利保护范围的排除事由或者法律保留和法律优先替代因素;在具体层面,作为介入要素而否定基本权利干预构成要件该当性和权利保护必要性以及法益衡量要素。仅当基本权利须可以放弃、基本权利主体具有相应认知能力、有意思表示时,才产生效力,且不得违反宪法和法律明文规定、客观价值秩序,损害人性尊严、基本权利本质内容及第三人基本权利。

关键词: 基本权利放弃, 基本权利干预, 权利保护必要性, 法律保留, 基本权利本质内容

Abstract: Waiver of fundamental rights, as an exercise of the right to liberty, is both normative and factual, and may play a role at all levels of the three-tiered framework of review of infringements in the right to liberty, which consists of the scope of fundamental rights protection and its infringements and justification.At the abstract level, the waiver is an exclusion from the scope of fundamental rights protection or as an alternative to the reservation and priority of the law; at the concrete level, it is an intervening element that negates the conformity of the constituent elements of the fundamental rights intervention and the necessity of protecting the right, as well as the element of the weighing of legal interests.It is effective only if the fundamental right can be waived, if the subject of the fundamental right has the corresponding cognitive capacity, and if it is expressed in a meaningful way, and if it does not violate the express provisions of the Constitution and the law, the objective order of values, the human dignity, the essence of the fundamental right, and the fundamental rights of the third party.

Key words: Waiver of Fundamental Rights, Infringements of Fundamental Rights, Necessity of Fundamental Rights Protection, Reservation by Law, Essence of Fundamental Rights