摘要： 依单方申请而由法院径直裁定适用的临时救济具有显著的突袭效果,已成为国际民事纠纷解决中加速实现正义的重要方式。单方临时救济不同于双方听审程序下的临时救济,该救济扭转了传统诉讼中申请人因终局救济时延带来的失衡窘境。然而,单方临时救济潜含当事人诉讼地位矫正失衡的风险,需要在实体诉求、救济形势及担保提供等方面严格限定其要件构造,且应要求申请人承担更高的证明及披露义务,赋予被申请人以特殊的权利保障,提供事后救济或适用替代措施等制衡单方临时救济。我国现行临时救济立法未区分单方及双方临时救济,相关实践在宽泛意义上适用该机制导致诉讼当事人地位的不平衡。我国未来相关立法与司法实践应突出单方临时救济的特殊要件构造及制衡机制,架构均衡合理的单方临时救济。我国法院若适用禁诉令,不宜以单方保全的规定为依据,而应引入更严格的独立要件。

关键词: 单方临时救济, 冻结令, 禁诉令, 保全

Abstract: The ex parte interim remedy has a significant surprise effect.It is different from the inter partes interim remedy and reverses the dilemma of the imbalance caused by the delay in final remedy.However, the ex parte interim remedy involves the risk of causing imbalance of the parties' litigation status.This remedy should be limited by imposing such requirements as existence of substantive claims, urgent circumstances, and provision of guarantees.Chinese laws do not distinguish between ex parte and inter partes interim remedy.The future laws should emphasize on the special requirements and balance mechanisms.The anti-suit injunction is distinct from interim remedies in mang respects.If Chinese courts go on to apply anti-suit injurctions, unique sets of requirements shall be established.

Key words: Ex Parte Interim Remedy, Freezing Injunction, Antisuit Injunction, Preservation