摘要： 从比较研究的视角来看,中国的公益诉讼制度最显著的特点是检察院而非社会组织在其中所处的主导性地位。这一特征也引发了国际学界从地方保护主义、国家—社会关系等方面对该制度的质疑。该类批评存在以西方发达国家的实践为中心视角的问题。而印度、巴西等国的经验则展示了司法机构的能动介入对发展中国家公益司法保护的核心作用。与这些发展中国家的上述情况类似,中国的公益诉讼制度通过借助检察院在财政、人力和政治资本上的优势,实现了在社会力量欠发达情况下的跨越式发展。这一中国方案对于其他发展中国家有着重大的借鉴意义,同时别国的经验在深化检察机关和社会组织协同方面也为中国提供了重要启示。公益诉讼制度的这一案例,也为如何更有效地在比较司法研究领域建构中国的学术话语提供了思路。

关键词: 公益诉讼, 检察院, 社会组织, 比较司法研究, 中国方案

Abstract: From a comparative perspective, the most notable characteristic of China's public interest litigation (PIL) system is the dominant role played by the People's Procuratorate, which significantly overshadows the involvement of non-governmental organizations.This unique aspect has raised doubts and concerns within the international academic sphere, particularly around issues like local protectionism and state-society relations.Addressing these critiques, this study highlights their Western-centric bias and advocates for the essential role of the judiciary in protecting public interests in the Global South, drawing parallels with examples from India and Brazil.Moreover, it examines how China's PIL system has rapidly expanded, leveraging the procuratorates' advantages in finance, manpower, and political connections, despite the underdevelopment of its societal sector.The paper then explores the implications of this ‘China model’ for other developing nations and considers how insights from other PIL systems can contribute to the refinement of China's approach.The article concludes by discussing how to more effectively articulate China's distinctive perspective in the arena of comparative judicial studies on an international stage.

Key words: Public Interest Litigation, Procuratorate, Nongovernmental Organization, Comparative Judicial Study, China Model