摘要： 作为格式条款在数字经济时代的最新演变,平台协议的单方意志性、行为规训性与实施闭环性使其丧失了交易媒介功能,而应被视作建构和维持私人秩序的权力工具。因此,平台协议规制的关键是避免私权力滥用。经数字技术赋能,不断膨胀的平台私权力会对市场效率和公民基本权利产生巨大威胁,引发公共性贬损的后果。为了导正私权力的公共性面向,法律体系演化出从公平价格管制到公共承运人拟制、再至公用事业管制的一系列公共性规制安排,这为规制平台协议私权力提供了参照。平台协议的公共性规制应交叉检视需求侧和供给侧维度,综合考量需求侧的非竞争性、用途多元性、需求派生性,以及供给侧的应然与实然竞争约束。规制方案建构应依循结构主义的程序控权思路,提升平台协议制定程序的公开性和参与性,并对平台协议的实施植入排除偏私与听取意见的程序要求;监管部门应对平台落实程序控权的自我规制活动开展外部元规制。

关键词: 平台协议, 公共性, 私权力, 程序控权, 元规制

Abstract: As the latest evolution of standard terms in the era of digital economy, the platform protocol, with characters of unilateral willingness, behavior disciplining and closed-loop implementation, has lost the function of transaction intermediary, rather it should be regarded as a power tool to construct and maintain private order.Therefore, the key to the regulation of platform protocol is to avoid abuse of private power.Under the empowerment of digital technology, the expanding private power of platform will threaten the market efficiency and the basic rights of citizens, which leads to the consequence of public derogatory.In order to activate the public nature of private power, the legal system has evolved a series of public regulatory arrangements from fair price regulation, to public carrier, and then to public utility regulation, which can provide reference for the regulation of private power behind the platform protocol.The scope of public regulation for platform protocol should cross-examine the demand side and the supply side, taking comprehensive consideration of demand side factors including the non-competition, multi-use, demand derivation and the supply side factors including idealistic and realistic competition constraints.The regulatory scheme should follow the structuralist idea of procedural control, enhance the openness and participation of the platform protocol drafting process, and embed procedural requirements to eliminate bias and to listen to public opinions for the implementation of the platform protocol.The supervisory department should carry out external meta-regulation on the self-regulation activities of the platform's implementation of above-mentioned procedural control.

Key words: Platform Protocol, Public Interests, Private Power, Procedural Control of Power, Meta-Regulation