摘要： 由于银行在经济体系中发挥的重要作用及其业务的特殊性，一般的破产法并不完全适用于银行破产。银行破产往往可以划分为清算前和清算两个阶段。在清算前阶段，银行监管机构会通过各种措施救助银行。只有当救助无望时，破产银行才会进入破产清算。在这一阶段法律应明确规定监管机构采取行动的标准，以及可以采取的救助措施，限制其自由裁量权，避免监管姑息。而在清算阶段则应明确监管机构的权力。

关键词: 银行破产 , 接管 , 重整 , 清算

Abstract: Due to the importance the banking industry and the specialties of banking business．general insolvency law does not completely applicable to bank insolvency．Bank insolvency can be dividend into pre—liquidation phase and liquidation phase．For the pre—liquidation phase，banking authorities always try to save the bank and let it go bankruptcy only when all the saving measures fail．In order to restrict the discretion of bank supervisors and avoid supervisory forbearance，the criteria to trigger supervisory intervention and bank resolution options shall be stipulated by law．For the liquidation phase，the power of the supervisory authorizes shall be defined．

Key words: Bank insolvency, receivership, reorganization, liquidation