摘要： 精神病鉴定因涉及精神病医学、心理学、法学以及社会学等诸多领域的专门知识而呈现出复杂性。与其他医学学科相比，精神病医学的发展相对缓慢，在一定程度上制约了精神病鉴定制度的发展，甚至影响了鉴定程序启动的正常展开。精神病鉴定制度的不完善及其程序启动的失当又导致实践中出现精神病鉴定的乱象。从司法鉴定实践中可以发现，精神病鉴定本身的可靠程度以及刑事责任能力的评定与鉴定启动、鉴定结果选择等具有内在的互动性。尽管精神病鉴定制度无力解决精神病医学不发达的根本性问题，但科学的精神病鉴定制度对精神病鉴定技术、鉴定能力与鉴定质量的提高有较大的助益。

关键词: 精神病司法鉴定, 精神病人, 刑事责任能力

Abstract: The authentication of mental disorder, which involves expertise in such areas as psychiatric medicine, psychology, law and sociology，presents great complexity. Compared with other medical sciences, psychiatric medicine has been developing slowly, which, to some extent, restricts both the optimization of the system of the authentication of mental disorder and the start of the procedure for the said authentication, hereby resulting in miscarriage of justice. According to the practice in judicial expertise, there are interactions between the authentication of mental disorder, the appraisal of the capacity for criminal responsibility, and the choice of the results thereof. Notwithstanding the system of the authentication of mental disorder cannot help to settle the fundamental problems arising from the underdeveloped psychiatric medicine, a perfect system of judicial expertise is conducive to the improvement of the following: the techniques in the authentication of mental disorder, the ability in the authentication, and the quality of the authentication.

Key words: Judicial Expertise of Mental Disorder, Psychopath, Capacity for Criminal Responsibility