摘要： 矿业权是现代国家基于矿产资源国家所有而通过行政许可方式设立的经济权利，自其产生以来便蕴含着公权力因素。因此也导致学界对矿业权的法律属性争论不已。这种情形不利于矿业权市场的规范和引导，进而引发矿业纠纷，也致使国家对矿产资源保护不力。本文通过评介矿业权性质争议，明确矿业权为经济社会化条件下从事勘探、开采、销售矿产品的经济权利，在此基础上厘清矿业权与矿产资源所有权的关系，以利于建立矿业权市场秩序，保障矿业产业政策实施。

关键词: 矿业权, 法律属性, 经济权利

Abstract: Mining rights are economic rights produced by the administrative liscening based on the state-owned minerals, which include the powerful elements since their birth. What is the characterization of these rights has become an argument in China. This situation is not helpful to develop the mining market，and always leads to the waste of minerals．This article reviews different opinions about the legal characterization of mining rights and defines them as economic rights．This definition can differ the mining rights from the ownership of minerals，and can help the government to maintain the market order of mining rights and implement mineral industrial policies.

Key words: Mining Rights, Legal Characterization, Economic Rights