摘要： 刑法作为所有部门法的后盾与保障，无论是犯罪圈的划定还是刑事责任的追究，既要在形式上受制于其保障的前置法之保护性规则的规定，更要在实质上受制于其与前置法之保护性规则共同保障的调整性规则的规定。对于前者，刑法是补充法、救济法；对于后者，刑法是从属法、次生法。因而前置法定性与刑事法定量的统一，不仅是包括自然犯与行政犯在内的所有刑事犯罪的认定机制，而且是对刑法与其前置法在犯罪规制上的定性从属性与定量独立性关系的揭示与反映。由此决定，行政犯法律责任的实现，在程序上应以“行政优先”为一般原则，在实体上应以“并合实现”为必要，对于在先适用的行政责任形式，与在后适用的刑事责任形式的竞合，按照功能相同者予以折抵，功能不同者分别执行的原则处理。

关键词: 行政犯, 法律属性, 定罪机制, 行政优先, 法律责任

Abstract: As the guarantee of other law departments, the criminal law is not only formally constricted by the protective rules of the law departments it safeguards, but also substantially constricted by the regulative rules it, together with the protective rules, tries to protect. As to the protective rules, the criminal law plays a role of supplement or protector, while, as to the regulative rules, the criminal law plays a subordinate or secondary role. Thus, the combination of criminal character determined by the protected law department and the quantitive criteria for imposing penalty determined by the criminal law is not only the identification criteria of all crimes (including natural crimes and administrative crimes), but also the reflection of the relationship between criminal law and the the protected law departments in the determination of crimes (i.e. The criminal law should be subject to the law departments it safeguards in the determination of criminal character while, in the determination of the quantitive criteria for imposing penalty, it is independent). Based on the above analysis, to realize the legal liability of administrative crimes, we should stick to the principle of “administration liability takes precedence” in legal procedure and the principle of “balancing both of them” in substantial law. With regard to the concurrence between the form of administrative liability and criminal liability, we should stick to the principle of “commuting common functions while reserving differences”.

Key words: Administrative Crime, Legal Attribute, Mechanism of Conviction, Administration Liability Takes Precedence, Legal Liability