摘要： 不干涉是公认的国际法基本原则之一，却也是在国际实践中经常遭到违反和破坏的国际法原则。原则和实践的冲突，导致在论证不干涉原则的习惯国际法性质问题上，传统的习惯法证明方法具有不完备性。国际法学界近些年来提出了习惯国际法证明的新方法。结合国际法院的司法实践，可以认为不干涉原则是具有宪政性质的习惯国际法规则，其证明方法有一定的特殊性。就定性而言，不干涉原则的习惯法性质主要是从主权平等这个国际社会的结构性原则中衍生出来的。国家实践的效果在于定量，通过考察国家实践和法律确信，来发现有关不干涉原则所支持的具体规则及其内容。在不干涉原则问题上，国家实践的认定不仅要考虑干涉行为，同时也要考虑被干涉国的反应，维护国际社会的和平与正义。

关键词: 不干涉, 国际法原则, 习惯国际法, 国家实践

Abstract: Principle of Non-intervention is well accepted a basic principle of international law both in various international legal documents and legal doctrines, but is frequently violated nevertheless in international practice. Seeing from the traditional method of customary law which stresses the prominent role of actual practice of states, the contradiction between proclaimed principle and actual practice has posed special difficulties in identifying and proving the customary nature of non-intervention. Or more fundamentally, indeed which rule, intervention or non-intervention, is actually customary? Having examined five recent doctrines of customary law methods and relevant judgments of the International Court of Justice, the article submits that the principle of non-intervention is so fundamental to international society and of constitutional nature that justifies some special features in proving the customary law nature of non-intervention. The customary law nature of non-intervention derives from the sovereign equality of states being the structural principle of international society, and is further confirmed by the prevailing opinio juris. The element of opinio juris plays a dominant role other than state practice in developing and identifying the customary rules of non-intervention. However, state practice is highly relevant in determining the specific rules of prohibited interventions underlined by the principle of non-intervention. Moreover, the scope of state practice in the field of intervention should include not only the material practice of intervention and counter-intervention, but also practice of protest from the intervened and disapproval of international society at large. The article further asserts that the approach of customary law is value-oriented instead of value free in the contemporary inter-dependent international society.

Key words: Non-intervention, Principles of International Law, Customary International Law, State Practice