摘要： “排除合理怀疑”从被排斥到被推崇，进而演化为司法实践中的潜规则、进入地方证据规定并最终为刑事诉讼法所确认，演绎了一条波折的发展之路，这是多重缘由叠加、多种因素合力的结果。改革者认为刑事证明标准存在难以克服的缺陷，事实认定过程中问题百出甚至冤错案件的出现在相当程度上都可归结于此。提高事实认定准确性的动力、避免冤狱的压力、程序改革以及其他证据制度建设难以真正有所作为等因素，使得改革者将去意识形态化、逐渐被认可的“排除合理怀疑”作为改革的选项。尽管改革不乏可指摘之处，成效亦待检验，但作为观察法律移植的样本，“排除合理怀疑”的上升之路亦有可取之处，作为改革共识的渐进改革观可为未来的刑事司法改革提供参照，并促进刑事诉讼法学研究的反省与自觉。

关键词: 排除合理怀疑, 刑事证明标准, 共识, 渐进主义

Abstract: The development of “ beyond a reasonable doubt” in Chinese judicial practice is an upward road but full of twists and turns. It experienced from being excluded from being worshiped, then to being included in the local  evidentiary rules as the hidden rules in practice, and then to being embodied in Chinese Criminal Procedure Law finally. This article tries to discuss the standard of “beyond a reasonable doubt” in a new perspective by exploring its development and analyzing the reason of its recognition in China. It not only focuses on the description of the phenomenon and processes, and revealing the motives and reasons behind, but also pays attention to the critique and introspection of the legal transplantation and reform in Chinese criminal procedure nowadays. As an example of a successful legal transplantation, “beyond a reasonable doubt” can be regarded as the model to interpret legal transplantation and criminal law reform.

Key words: Beyond A Reasonable Doubt, Criminal Standard of Proof, Consensus, Incrementalism