摘要： 当保险金额小于保险价值，存在保险范围外损失或自负额（率）时，保险人代位求偿权与被保险人对第三人的损害赔偿请求权之间，会因第三人清偿能力不足而发生冲突。对此，在保险法理论与实务上，虽有禁止保险人在被保险人的损失得到完全赔偿前行使代位权的规则存在，但多数皆承认此两种权利的竞合，并在竞合时采取四种不同处理方法。在认可权利竞合的背景下，比例分配法更加符合风险分配原则。但该方法的适用以责任免除条款的存在为前提，并将间接免除保险人的责任，因而仅在保险合同对此种风险作出明确规定，且保险人履行了说明义务后方可适用。否则应适用被保险人优先受偿法。

关键词: 保险人代位求偿权, 被保险人损害赔偿请求权, 比例分配, 完全补偿, 保险金扣减权

Abstract: When the insurance amount is less than the insured value, there is loss beyond the coverage or  there is deductible （rate） items existing in insurance contract, then the underwriter’s subrogation  and the right of insured to claim for damages to the third party will conflict under the circumstances of the third party being lack of solvency. In this matter, some insurance law theories and practices  prohibit insurer from exercising subrogation right before the insured’s loss has been full compensated, but most of them admit the fact of concurrence right and use four different methods to deal  with this matter. Based on the fact of admitting concurrence right, we should admit pro rata method is more consistent with the risk distribution principle of insurance law. But because this method  can be used only in the context of corresponding exclusion clauses and will be indirectly exempt  from insurer’s responsibility, if the insurance contract does not make clear hint for that effect to applicant and the underwriter does not fulfill its explanation obligation, the method cannot be applied. The method of insured preferred payments should be otherwise applicable.

Key words: The Insurer’s Right of Subrogation, The Insured’s Right to Claim for Damages, Pro Rata Method, Full Recovery, The Right to Deduct Insurance Proceeds