摘要： 我国社会转型过程中形成了政府主导型和市场内生型两类行业协会。行业协会目前面临定位不清的问题乃至“合法性危机”。为此，广东采取一元模式、温州采取新二元模式、上海采取三元模式进行了试点改革。结合美国、德国、日本等国行业协会运行及管理模式而论，我国行业协会市场化改革应遵循自愿原则、自治原则及外部性监管原则，并从以下几个方面着手推进：一是厘清行业协会法律性质，改革现行双重管理体制，废除“一业一会”制度，确立非法人行业协会的法律地位；二是实行分类指导与扶持政策；三是完善行业协会内部治理结构，建立民主决策、协会自治的治理模式；四是加强对行业协会的监管，维护自由竞争秩序；五是加快立法完善相应的法律体系，寻求制度层面的解决之道。

关键词: 行业协会, 市场化改革, 行业协会改革, 行业协会立法

Abstract: Throughout the social transition in China, two types of trade associations have come into being, of which one is government-driven and the other is endogenous within the market. The current nature of Chinese trade associations is yet not distinctly defined, whilst its legitimacy is being challenged. Responding to such issues，the Guangdong Province，as a test site，has reformed its governance on trade associations by setting up one unitary registration authority, with Wenzhou adopting the dual-track governance, and Shanghai establishing the triple-track regime. Boirowing the experience from the United States, Germany and Japan, China's trade association reform towards marketization should adhere to a three-fold set of principles，that is， the principles of free will, autonomy and extemal surveillance, and be promoted through the following 5 steps: firstly，defining the nature of trade association while reforming the current dual-track governance regime ，abolishing the “one industry, one association” system and acknowledging the legal status of unincorporated trade associations; secondly, governmentally supervising and supporting the trade associations pursuant to different classifications； thirdly，reforming the internal structure of trade associations by establishing the management pattem of democratic decision-making and self-governance； fourthly, strengthening market surveillance on trade associations and safeguarding free competition; and fifthly，promoting the overall legal system by legislation, through which the issues can be dealt institutionally on a fundamental level.

Key words: Trade Associations, Reform Based on Marketization, Reform of Trade Associations, Trade Associations Legislation