摘要： 面对刑事误判的纠正严重依赖于“死者”复活、“真凶”落网等“偶然”事件的司法现实，尤其是纠正那些疑似死刑误判遇到障碍，有必要对中国的刑事误判发现机制、认定标准和纠正机制等问题进行深入的考察和分析，从而对中国刑事误判纠正难问题给出令人信服的解释。若要刑事误判的纠正不再依赖于“偶然”，应赋予那些被生效裁判确定有罪者一些必要的权利，明确刑事误判的认定标准，改变“以自我纠错为中心”的刑事再审体制。

关键词: 刑事误判, 申诉, DNA检测, 认定标准, 刑事再审

Abstract: In China，faced with the judicial situation that the correction of wrongful criminal conviction reliesheavily on“happenstances” such as the resurrection of“the dead”，and the arrest of“culprits”，especially in face of the huge obstacle in the process of correcting suspectablely wrongful cases of death penalty，we need to deeply investigate and analyze their discovery mechanism，defining criteria and correction mechanism in order to give convincing explanations for the difficulty in correcting wrongful conviction in China. Inorder not to depend on“happenstances ' in correcting wrongful conviction，much more has to be done：those who are convicted guilty should be entitled to necessary rights；the identification criteria of wrongfulconviction should be specified；the“self-correcting-centered”criminal  retrial  system  should  bechanged. Furthermore，the current system of investigation into misjudged cases in china should be reconsidered，and the various forces that contribute to the correction of wrongful conviction should be mobilized as many as possible.

Key words: Wrongful Conviction, Appeal, Post-conviction DNA Testing, Defining Criteria, Criminal Retrial Conviction