摘要： 通过对欧洲五国的比较考察可以发现，执行权配置模式与执行制度的正常运作、“执行难”问题的消解之间存在重大关联。除瑞典外，执行“内外分权”是考察对象国家的主流模式或者改革的方向。当然，各国对专业执行人员的定位上有国家公务人员及市场化、社会化的职业人员之区别。为了兑现两到三年“基本解决执行难问题”的承诺，我国除了继续大力加强国家认证及法院执行信息化建设，还应以“终结本次执行程序”为节点实行按阶段内外分权模式。改革的方案是开放的，但道路也许通向市场。

关键词: 执行权, 配置模式, 执行难, 执行分权, 执行案件, 承办制

Abstract: From the comparative study on five European countries' civil enforcement models, this paper finds that the model of allocation of civil enforcement power has various influences on the operation of civil enforcement system and the solution of the problem of“civil enforcement difficulty”. Except Sweden, the model of separation of power inside and outside court dominates the other four countries. Meanwhile, the enforcement officer of all the five countries is divided into two types： one is public officer and the other is professional officer who exercises his power of private law but also enjoys public authority status. According to the conclusion of this paper, the author proposes that Chinese court should take more measures to fulfill the political promise solving the problem of“civil enforcement difficulty”mainly in next two to three years. In addition to enhancing the infrastructure construction of state identification and civil enforcement informatization, China should also employ some kind of separation model of civil enforcement power. The specific design is not set yet. However, the author believes that all the roads are towards market.

Key words: Model of Allocation of Civil Enforcement Power, “Civil Enforcement Difficulty”, Separation of Civil Enforcement Power, Civil Enforcement Case Undertaking System