摘要： 担保制度既有确保债权实现的功能，也有促成资金高效率运用的功能。凡法律行为以担保债权为目的，并得直接支配担保标的之价值，无论其权利构造或名称为何，概以担保论。随着时代的发展，担保标的物由土地到建筑物、由不动产到动产、有形资产到无形资产、现有资产到将来取得资产、单一物到集合物、固定资产到流动资产；担保债权自特定债权转向不特定债权，担保物权从属性及担保债权特定原则发生松动；担保物权内容之契约自由性格特别凸显，契约自由原则不断突破物权法定原则；收益价值自用益价值中脱颖而出，成为独立的价值型态；声明登录制和控制公示方法崭露头角；实行程序上，私实行程序兴起，收益执行得以运用。担保物权制度的立法动向上存在以下趋势：物权标的特定性和担保物权从属性发生缓和；物权法定原则柔软化；登录内容弹性化；担保物权管理机能日益重要；担保物权实行方法多样化；动产担保权单一化及其立法的统一化。

关键词: 物权法定, 担保债权特定原则, 收益价值, 私实行程序, 声明登录制

Abstract: Security law not only has a function of ensuring the satisfaction of claims, but also has a social function that facilitates the efficient use of funds.The legal act which has the purpose of guaranteeing creditor's rights and can directly dominate the value of the security subject, regardless of the structure of its rights and its name, should be a guarantee.The security subject varies from land to buildings, real estate to movable assets, tangible assets to intangible assets, existing assets to assets acquired in the future, single items to collections, fixed assets to current assets.Secured claims develop from specific ones to unspecified ones, and the dependent character of security interest and the principle of specific secured claim has loosed.The character of the freedom of contract in the content of security rights is particularly prominent, and the principle of freedom of contract continues to infiltrate the numerus clausus principle.The value of income stands out from the value of use and becomes an independent type of value.Filing system and control as publicity method emerge.The private implementation process has risen up, and value of income has been used for enforcement.The legislative trends show that the specificity of the subject of real rights has eased, the dependent character of security interest has presented a phenomenon of minimization, the numerus clausus principle has softened, registered content has become flexible, the management function of security rights is becoming increasingly important, legislative emphasis on protecting the interests of consumers, implementation methods of security rights become diversified, security rights in movable assets become unitary and its legislative become uniform.

Key words: Numerus Clausus, The Principle of Specific Secured Claim, Value of Income, Private Implementation Process, Filing System