摘要： 在大合议庭陪审案件中落实审判责任制要求，一方面是要规范法官与人民陪审员的分权关系，尤其是保障人民陪审员事实裁判权的独立性和实质性，使之不会沦为法官裁判权的附庸；另一方面是针对人民陪审员的身份特征与权力属性，设置不同于法官的管控体系，将事后追责式的管控转变为事先调整型的管控。这两方面可以通过重构评议规则、规范指示效力、提高裁决终局性和建构以证据能力为核心的证据规则系统来实现。法官将一部分裁判权让渡给人民陪审员之后，取而代之的是新的程序管理权。应当将行使该程序管理权的情况，作为认定和追究法官责任的独立依据。法官错案责任豁免的范围，也应随着事实裁判权的让渡而扩展。

关键词: 大合议庭, 人民陪审员, 审判责任, 错案责任

Abstract: In order to implement the principle of judicial responsibility in grand collegiate bench trials, on one hand, the power separation relations between judge and juror should be regulated, and especially the fact-finding power of jurors needs to be protected and cannot be subjected to judges' adjudication; on the other hand, in consideration of jurors' status and power features, we ought to apply to them a controlling system which is different from that with judge, and transform the ex-post mode into the ex-ante mode.These two aspects can be achieved by reconstructing deliberating rules, regulating direction's force, enhancing verdict's finality and building admissibility rules.To the extent that judges' fact-finding power is shared by jurors, judges should take new kind of procedural management duty, which can be used as independent criteria for claimingresponsibility.The scope in which judges can be exempted of misjudgment responsibility should accordingly be enlarged.

Key words: Grand Collegiate Bench, Juror, Judicial Responsibility, Misjudgment Responsibility