摘要： 人民陪审员制度作为我国一项重要的司法制度,一直以来备受国家和社会的关注和重视。然而,“陪而不审”“审而不议”似乎长期支配着学界对于陪审员的想象。以36万份刑事司法裁判文书数据和一手田野调研资料为分析素材的实证研究发现,人民陪审员能够系统性地影响审判结果,陪审员的参与会使最终的判决结果更加“宽大”;陪审员在合议庭中与法官的不同组合方式,也会给案件结果带来不同的影响。其背后的理论机制可被归结为:法官能够自利性地抵消陪审员的能力短板;陪审员能够能动性地发挥自身的能力优势;法官在组织合议庭时策略性地与陪审员结成“联盟”。
关键词:
人民陪审员,
参审制,
参审效能,
司法大数据,
计算法学
Abstract: As an important part of China's judicial system, the people's assessor system has drawn significant attention from both the government and society.However, concerns about “accompanying without trial” and “trial without deliberation” have dominated discussions among assessors in academic circles for a long time.To address these concerns, this paper systematically examines the performance of people's assessors in trials, drawing on data from 360000 criminal judicial documents and first-hand field research materials.The study finds that assessors can systematically influence trial outcomes, and that their participation leads to more “lenient” verdicts.Furthermore, different combinations of assessors and judges in the panel have different effects on case outcomes.The study proposes a theoretical mechanism to explain these findings.Judges are able to self-interestedly offset assessors' shortcomings, while assessors can dynamically utilize their own abilities.Judges and assessors also form strategic “alliances” in organizing the collegial court.
Key words:
People's Assessors,
Assessor System,
Capacity to Participate,
Judicial Big Data,
Computational Jurisprudence
王翔, 于晓虹. 人民陪审员参审效能的实证分析——基于36万余份刑事判决书的司法大数据考察[J]. 法学家, 2023(3): 30-44.
WANG Xiang, YU Xiaohong. An Empirical Research on the Performance of People's Assessors in Adjudication: Analyzing Judicial Big Data of 360000 Criminal Judgments[J]. The Jurist, 2023(3): 30-44.