摘要： 与域外判例法思维主导下的类案同判理论与实践不同,中国语境下的类案同判具有多重意涵与特定的实践机制。中国语境下类案同判的背景是以判例广泛运用为基本条件,在法院整体运行中解决司法共识的形塑问题。由多层次的中国语境所决定,类案同判兼有法律适用的基本要求、司法伦理的基本原则、司法裁判的基本方法与审判监管的基本方式等多重意涵。在司法实践中,“类案”辨识机制是基于“价值单元”的案件相似性的再现,“同判”实现机制则是综合考量司法权威与司法理性之基础上类案司法见解的趋从。相应的制度安排是对司法共识的制度化塑造,应注重类案同判的诉讼程序构造、判例运用制度的系统性完善、类案同判的信息化赋能等诸多方面。

关键词: 类案同判, 判例运用, 案例指导制度, 法院整体运行, 价值单元

Abstract: Unlike the theory and practice of “like cases should be treated alike” dominated by the thought pattern of case law system,“like cases should be treated alike” in Chinese context has multiple meanings and specific practice mechanisms.The inherent stipulation of the Chinese context in “like cases should be treated alike” lies in the basic condition of the extensive application of precedents to solve the problem of the formation of judicial consensus in the court-oriented mode of operation of the court system.Determined by the multi-level Chinese context,“like cases should be treated alike” has multiple implications, including the basic requirements of the legal application, the fundamental principles of judicial ethics, the basic skills of judicial adjudication, and the basic methods of trial supervision.In practice, the mechanism for identifying “similar cases” is the direct reappearance of the similarity of cases on the basis of “value unit”.The mechanism for realizing the “similar judgement” is tending to convergence of the judicial opinions in similar cases on the basis of comprehensive consideration of judicial authority and judicial rationality.The corresponding system arrangements are the institutionalization of judicial consensus, focusing on the construction of litigation procedures for “like cases should be treated alike”, the systematic improvements of the precedents application system, and the informatization energization of “like cases should be treated alike”.

Key words: Like Cases Should Be Treated Alike, Application of Precedents, Guidance Case System, Guiding Case, Operation of the Court as A Whole