摘要：

被害人因素是“套路贷”民刑界分依据之一。被害人具有自我保护的可期待性或者尽谨慎义务可防止被“套”，不成立“套路贷”犯罪。除去以民间借贷之名行骗取他人财物之实外，对“套路贷”不宜认定为诈骗罪。“套路贷”团伙一般不具备非法控制特征，不宜认定为黑社会性质组织。在“套路贷”犯罪中，先前诈骗行为与续后敲诈勒索行为可成立吸收犯，应以敲诈勒索罪论处。先前诈骗行为与续后虚假诉讼应成立诈骗罪，不宜数罪并罚。直接平账人与“套路贷”犯罪行为人的两个诈骗行为之间属于法规竞合关系，应根据重法优于轻法原则定罪处罚。“套路贷”犯罪数额存在“套路贷”犯罪之犯罪数额与“套路贷”之犯罪数额之别，两者在认定上有所不同。在计算非法放贷数额时，约定利息应作为实际年利率的计算依据。

关键词: “套路贷”犯罪, 被害人因素, 诈骗罪, 黑社会性质组织犯罪, 一罪与数罪

Abstract:

The factor of victim is one of the dividing lines between illegal acts and crimes of“Trick Loan”.The victim has the expectability of self-protection or the duty of care to prevent being“trapped”，and the crime of“Trick Loan”is not established.In addition to the name of private loans to defraud other people's real money and property，“Trick Loan”should not be identified as fraud.“Trick Loan”generally do not have the characteristics of illegal control，and should not be identified as an underworld organization.In the“Trick Loan”crime，and the previous fraud and the subsequent racketeering behavior can be established to absorption crime，should be punished as racketeering crime.The previous fraudulent act and the subsequent false lawsuit should be set up as the crime of fraud.The relationship between the two frauds of the direct equalizer and the“Trick Loan”criminal actor belongs to the competition and cooperation of laws and regulations.When calculating the illegal loan amount，the agreed interest shall be used as the basis for calculating the actual annual interest rate.

Key words: Crime of“Trick Loan”, Victim Factor, Crime of Fraud, Organized Crime of Underworld Nature, One Crime and Several Crimes