摘要：

合宪性审查主体是合宪性审查制度的核心问题，更是推进我国合宪性审查工作必须解决的首要问题。要积极稳妥推进我国合宪性审查工作，必须依据现行宪法关于不同主体的性质、地位、职权及与其他国家机关的关系，确定各自在合宪性审查机制中的职能定位，理顺它们在合宪性审查机制中的相互关系：全国人大是独立的、最高的、拥有完全合宪性审查权的主体；全国人大常委会是独立的、日常性的合宪性审查主体；全国人大宪法和法律委员会是协助全国人大和全国人大常委会进行合宪性审查的机构，应当拥有一定的独立的合宪性审查权；全国人大常委会法工委负责合宪性审查的“过滤”工作，接收法律文件的备案、审查“要求”、审查“建议”及进行合法性审查、适当性审查，在穷尽合法性审查后移送宪法和法律委员会进行合宪性审查；其他接收规范性文件备案的主体，应将需要进行合宪性审查的规范性文件移送宪法和法律委员会。

关键词: 合宪性审查, 备案审查, 合宪性审查主体, 宪法和法律委员会, 全国人大常委会法工委

Abstract:

The subject of constitutional review is the core issue of the constitutional review system，and it is also a primary issue in promoting the development of constitutional review in our country.To carry out constitutional review in a positive and safe manner，it is necessary to follow the requirements provided by the current Constitution on the different subjects' natures，status，functions and powers as well as their relationships with other state organs，in order to identify their respective functional orientations and their interaction in the constitutional review mechanism.It includes the subjects as follows.The National People's Congress(NPC)is the independent and supreme subject with complete constitutional review authority.The NPC Standing Committee is the independent and routine subject for constitutional review.The NPC Constitution and Law Committee assists the NPC and the NPC Standing Committee in carrying out constitutional review and thus should have certain independent constitutional review powers.The Commission of Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee is playing a filtering role for constitutional review and responsible for receiving the filing of legal documents，reviewing“requirements”and“recommendations”and conducting legality review and appropriateness review while transferring them to the Constitution and Law Committee after legality review is completed.Other subjects who also receive the filing of normative documents are obliged to transfer the documents to the Constitution and Law Committee when they are also subjected to constitutional review.

Key words: Constitutional Review, Record and Review, the Subject of Constitutional Review, Constitutional and Legal Committee, NPCSC Legal Affairs Committee