摘要： 为了达成行政目的或提高行政效率等,行政机关常常忽视行政行为的合宪性,进而引发一些侵害公民基本权利的事件。构建指导和约束行政机关“依宪行政”的机制,辅助全国人大及其常委会推动合宪性审查工作,不仅能最大程度避免行政行为违宪的风险,还有助于加强对基本权利的保障。首先,建立行政立法中的违宪风险评估机制,从源头上提升立法草案的合宪性;其次,建立行政复议和信访案件的筛选机制,有利于激活国务院的合宪性审查提请权;再次,建立有业务相关性的部委机关对合宪性争议提出备选解决方案的机制,便于全国人大常委会应对未来可能激增的合宪性审查工作量;最后,建立行政执法过程中的合宪性解释机制,加强合宪性审查的基本权利保障功能。

关键词: 合宪性审查, 辅助职能, 依宪行政

Abstract: For achieving the administrative purpose or improving work efficiency, the administrative branch usually ignores the constitutionality of administrative actions, which causes infringement on fundamental rights.The establishment of the institutions to guide and restrain the administrative branch for the purpose of exercising the powers in consistent with the Constitution, as well as assisting the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress with the help of those institutions, can enhance the idea of exercising the power according to the Constitution and play a supplementary role to complete the constitutional review system.Firstly, improve the constitutionality of the legislative drafts by evaluation of unconstitutional risks of the legislative drafts; Secondly, activate the power of the State Council to make the application of constitutional review by selecting cases among the administrative review cases and petition letters; Thirdly, establish the institution that administrative department, whose business is relevant to the unconstitutional controversy, provides the solution choice, to lighten the possible heavy workload of the standing committee of the NPC to constitutional review in the future; Last, require the administrative branch to consider the Constitution when interpreting the law enforcement basis, to enhance the constitutional review's function on protecting the fundamental rights.

Key words: Constitutional Review, Supplementary Function, Executing the Power according to the Constitution