摘要：

审判中心主义的两大支柱——对质要求与传闻规则，是西方“血罪观念”的产物，盛行于中世纪两大法系。它要求死刑判决必须以在法庭内获得的公共知悉而不得以庭外获知的真相或审前卷宗等私人知悉为据，功能在于保护法官免受地狱之灾，与证据的真实性无关。与其对立的是卷宗制度，它是国家安全战胜血罪的产物，始于16—17世纪欧洲大陆和英国叛国罪案，其功能在于“发现真相”“固定真相”“再现真相”。17世纪后期，审判中心主义在英国叛国案回归，其功能转变为遮蔽真相、践行法治。如以发现真相、避免冤假错案为目标，包含“内知性”真实证据的卷宗在绝大多数案件中不可或缺，审判中心主义并无用武之地，仅能甄别卷宗中极为罕见的“外构性”虚假陈述。中国缺少审判中心主义的文化基因，且以“发现真相”作为终极目标，卷宗中心主义、庭审虚化实属必然。要激活审判中心主义改革，需要重构其功能和价值。

关键词: 审判中心主义, 卷宗制度, 内知性证据, 外构性证据

Abstract:

As the double pillars of Centrality of trials，the confrontation clause and the hearsay rule prevailed in the middle ages as a result of the blood sin and continued in England common felony trials.It required a capital sentence be based on the justices’ public conscience acquired in the court instead of his private conscience out of the court or the dossiers regardless of its reality，and its aim was to protect the justices from the fatal sin.Comparatively，the dossiers，functioning as factfinding，factfixing and factreproducing，prevailed in Europe common felony trials and in England high treason trials in 1617th century when the state security overcame the blood sin.However，since the middle of 17th century when the human rights rose and the state security fell，the centrality of trials returned to England high treason trials and functioned as concealing the truth and preserving the rule of law.If the criminal justice is aimed at factfinding，the dossiers with the selfknowing information in them will win and the centrality of trials loses，for the latter’s only function is restricted to singling out few policeframing information by Crossexamination in public courts.China has no centrality of trials tradition in its culture and its criminal justice has been aiming at factfinding，as a result，the dossiercentered model is inevitable.In order to activate the reform of Centrality of trials in China criminal justice，it’s necessary to abandon the factfinding and rebuild the function of the reform.

Key words: Centrality of Trials, Dossier, Selfknowing Confession, Confession by Policeframing