摘要：

效果泛化是当前基层执法中常见的经验现象。执法效果泛化首先是一种社会事实，是在不同社会系统的互动中产生的。执法效果泛化的实践形态，可以用“基层执法衍射效应”来概括和分析。作为一种分析框架的“基层执法衍射效应”，其要素包括规范生成的清晰度、规范传导实施的顺畅度、科层组织与社会边界的开放度、执法场域的互动效度等四个方面，我们可以借此系统地把握执法运作的全过程。法律传导耗散性、执法组织趋同化、执法主体的注意力分配不均、行政权力的重叠性和基层利益分化是造成当前基层执法衍射效应相对显著的主要原因。抑制明显的基层执法衍射效应，既要从规范执法行为入手，更要着眼于执法结构和系统，从法律传导、组织架构和执法互动等多个方面进行优化，实现执法系统与执法环境系统之间的平衡。

关键词: 执法效果泛化, 基层执法衍射效应, 执法系统, 生态学, 社会治理

Abstract:

The generalization of effects is a common empirical phenomenon in grassroots law enforcement.The generalization of law enforcement effects is a social fact，produced in the interaction of different social systems.Therefore，it is methodologically appropriate to grasp this phenomenon from an ecological perspective.The practical form of law enforcement effect can be summarized and analyzed by the term“grassroots law enforcement diffraction effect”.As an analytical framework，the diffraction effect of law enforcement at the grassroots level includes four aspects：the clarity of norm generation，the smoothness of norm transmission and implementation，the openness of sectional organization and social boundaries，and the interactive effectiveness of law enforcement.This allows us to systematically grasp the entire process of law enforcement operations.Dissipation of law transmission，convergence of law enforcement organizations，uneven distribution of attention among law enforcement entities，overlapping of administrative power，and grassroots interest differentiation are the main reasons for the significant diffraction effect of law enforcement.In order to suppress the diffraction effect，it is necessary to standardize law enforcement behavior，but it is also necessary to focus on the structure and system of law enforcement，to optimize the legal transmission，organizational structure and law enforcement interaction，so as to achieve a balance between the law enforcement system and the law enforcement environment.

Key words: Generalization of Law Enforcement Effects, Diffraction Effect of Grassroots Law Enforcement, Law Enforcement System, Ecology, Social Governance