摘要：

违宪有着不同的类型，可区分为法律的字面违宪和适用违宪。前者是指法律在普遍的情形下与宪法相冲突，后者是指法律在适用于个案时不能达到合宪的结果。违宪的这种类型区分对我国宪法而言具有重要的实践意义。对于法律的适用违宪，由法院进行合宪性解释是较为适宜的补救方法，但它却不适于法律的字面违宪，这也是法院操作合宪性解释的一个理论界限；法律的字面违宪因牵涉面较广，即便可以适用合宪性解释方法处理，但也不宜由法院来操作，而宜交由合宪性审查机关处理。

关键词: 字面违宪, 适用违宪, 合宪性解释, 立法事实

Abstract:

There are different types of unconstitutional statutes.This article distinguishes unconstitutional statutes into two types，namely，the facial challenges and as-applied challenges，the former of which means a statute which is unconstitutional in general，and the latter means a statute which is unconstitutional in exceptional applications.Such a distinction is of practical importance in China constitutional law.The constitutionally faithful interpretation by the courts is the proper remedy to the constitutional activities resulting from as-applied challenges，but it should not extend to the one resulting from facial challenges，which always involves a wide range and should be remedied by the constitutional review organs or by the legislature.

Key words: Facial Challenges, As-Applied Challenges, Constitutionally Faithful Interpretation, Legislative Facts