摘要：

实质的法益概念所要达到的目的，是向立法者提供刑罚处罚的合法界限，因而具有批判立法的机能：一方面，应当根据实质的法益概念检视已有的犯罪构成要件，废止没有保护法益的犯罪；另一方面，需要根据实质的法益概念，提出增设新罪的构成要件的合理要求。实质的法益概念既具有社会根据，也具有宪法根据，因而对刑事立法者产生宪法性的规制作用。实质的法益概念与形式的法益概念的内容相同，并非对立，因而完全可以并存，只要承认形式的法益概念就应当承认实质的法益概念；实质的法益概念具有经验的实在性，是比例原则的适用前提，而且按照比例原则进行的具体审查，不可能离开法益概念与法益衡量；比例原则本身不可能独立确定刑罚处罚的合法界限，因而不可能取代实质的法益概念；实质的法益概念并不违反民主主义，反而符合民主主义的实质要求。

关键词: 实质的法益概念, 形式的法益概念, 宪法根据, 比例原则, 民主主义

Abstract:

The aim of the substantial concept of legally protected interests is to provide the legislator with the legal limits of punishment；therefore，it has the function of criticizing legislation.On one hand，the substantial concept of legally protected interests should be used to examine the constitutive elements of already existing crimes and to abolish any crime that has not protected any legal interests；on the other hand，the substantial concept of legally protected interests should be used to put forward reasonable requests of adding constitutive elements of new crimes.The substantial concept of legally protected interests have both social basis and constitutional basis，therefore，it has constitutional regulating effects on the criminal legislator.The substantial concept of legally protected interests has the same contents of the formal concept of legally protected interests，thus they are not in opposite with each other，instead they are perfectly compatible.As long as the formal concept of legally protected interests is acknowledged，the substantial concept of legally protected interests should be acknowledged as well.The substantial concept of legally protected interests has its empirical reality，it is the applicable premise of the principle of proportionality，and no specific review in accordance with the principle of proportionality can be carried out without the guidance of the concept of legally protected interests and the balance of legally protected interests.The principle of proportionality cannot independently determine the legal limits of punishment；therefore，it cannot replace the substantial concept of legally protected interests.The substantial concept of legally protected interests is not against the democratism，on the contrary，it confirms to the substantial requirements of the democratism.

Key words: Substantial Concept of Legally Protected Interests, Formal Concept of Legally Protected Interests, Constitutional Basis, Principle of Proportionality, Democratism