摘要：

关于集体研究型犯罪中表决者的刑事归责问题，我国通常是根据罪刑法定原则认定为单位犯罪，而且各表决者之间成立共犯关系。但是，在集体研究中存在反对者或者弃权者的场合以及匿名表决产生不法决议的场合，就难以采用这种归责方式。相比较而言，作为自然人犯罪进行个别归责的方式则更具有合理性。反对者由于明确表达了反对不法议案的态度，因而原则上不承担刑事责任；但是，在满足了接受不法决议和提供不法决议能力这两个条件的例外场合，仍可以对其进行刑事归责。虽然弃权本身是一种既非赞成亦非反对的中立态度，但是鉴于表决者负有保障消费者安全的刑法义务，因此，当弃权者客观上能够阻止不法决议产生、主观上对于不法决议的产生以及自己能够阻止不法决议产生的事实存在认识或者预见时，就应当承担刑事责任。在匿名表决的场合，必须贯彻责任主义和“存疑有利于被告”的原则，否定表决者的刑事责任，不能以证明困难为由突破这些刑事法的基本原则。

关键词: 集体表决, 反对者, 弃权者, 匿名表决, 刑事归责

Abstract:

Regarding the issue of criminal imputation of voters in illegal collective resolutions，our country usually recognizes it as a unit crime based on the principle of legality，and regards each voter as joint crime.However，in cases where there are opponents or abstainers in collective resolutions and where illegal resolutions result from anonymous voting，it is difficult to apply this method of criminal imputation.In comparison，it's a more reasonable method that German doctrine and jurisprudence take individual crimes as natural person crimes.As far as opponents are concerned，because they clearly express their attitude against illegal bills，they needn't bear criminal responsibility in principle.However，criminal imputation can be carried out in exceptional cases where the two conditions of providing the capability and accepting the illegal resolution are satisfied.As far as abstainers are concerned，although abstention is a neutral attitude which is neither for nor against，but in view of the fact that voters have the criminal responsibility to protect consumer safety.Therefore，when the abstainers can objectively prevent the emergence of illegal resolutions，subjectively understand or foresee the emergence of illegal resolutions and the facts that they can prevent the emergence of illegal resolutions，they should bear criminal responsibility.In the case of anonymous voting，it is necessary to carry out the principles of responsibility and“doubt in favor of the accused”，negate the criminal responsibility of voters，and not break through these basic principles of criminal law on the grounds of proving difficulties.

Key words: Collective Resolution, Opponents, Abstainer, Anonymous Voting, Criminal Imputation