摘要： 《民法典》第188条第2款第1句规定时效起算一般条件,第2句规定一般条件与特殊规定的关系。一般起算标准应解释为“权利人知道或者应当知道可以行使权利之日起算”,即行使权利的法律障碍消除且当事人对此知情的最早时点为起算点。对于不同类型请求权而言,“受到损害”的样态并不相同。对“知道”可凭借权利人言行、具体情境等因素认定;“应当知道”应解释为因重大过失而不知。对于义务人,应以权利人凭借知道的信息能否提起诉讼为标准予以判断是否具备时效起算条件。时效起算的特殊规定包括《诉讼时效规定》第47条等。

关键词: 诉讼时效, 起算一般条件, 常见案型, 起算效力

Abstract: The first sentence of paragraph 2 of Article 188 of the Civil Code stipulates the general rules of the starting-point of limitation of action, and the second stipulates the relationship between general rules and special provisions.The general standard of the starting-point shall be interpreted as “the date when the obligee knows or should have known that the right can be exercised”, namely, the earliest time when the legal obstacles to the exercise of rights are eliminated and the parties know about it is the starting-point.For different types of claims, the appearances of “infringed” are not the same.The obligee's words and deeds, specific circumstances and other factors can be used to identify “know”;“should have known” shall be interpreted as not known with gross negligence.As for the obligor, whether the conditions of the starting-point of limitation of action are fullfilled can be judged by whether the obligee can file a lawsuit based on the information he knows.Special provisions on the starting-point of limitation of action include articles 4-7 of the provisions of limitation of action.

Key words: Limitation of Action, General Rules of Starting-point, Common Case Types, Validity of Starting-point