摘要： 当前认罪认罚自愿性审查规则确立于裁判者决策视角,“以裁判者为中心”审查规则注重的是裁判者审查的高效与便捷,故偏向于对客观行为的外部评价而欠缺对主观状态的内部分析,裁判者几乎丧失了考察被告人主观状态的机会乃至能力,蕴含着非自愿认罪认罚的风险。为了保障被告人认罪认罚的真实意愿获得实质性的审查,应当由裁判者决策的视角转向被告人认知的视角来重构审查规则。“以被告人为中心”审查规则将确立“合致性标准”,将被告人认罪认罚的主观意愿与其在审前程序中的客观处境联系起来,指引法官通过整体考察两者之间的关联作出综合判断,达到主观状态内部分析与客观行为外部评价的统一;“以被告人为中心”审查规则还将完善当庭审查机制,化解自愿性审查形式化的问题,改善被告人受裁判者权力话语体系支配的现状,提高当庭验证被告人认罪认罚真实意愿的水平,重塑认罪认罚案件的裁判权威。

关键词: 认罪认罚, 自愿性审查, 以裁判者为中心, 以被告人为中心

Abstract: The current review rules of voluntariness are established from the core perspective of the judge's decision-making which focuses on the efficiency and convenience.Judge-Centered Review Rules mainly favor the external evaluation of objective behavior and lack internal analysis of the defendant's subjective state, so the judges have almost lost the opportunity and even the ability to examine the defendant's subjective state and contains the risk of involuntary confession.To review the defendant's true willingness, we should turn to the perspective of the defendant's cognition to reconstruct the review rules.The Defendant-Centered Review Rules will establish “Compliance Standard” which links the defendant's subjective willingness with objective situation in the pre-trial procedure and leads the judge to make a comprehensive judgment to achieve the unity of internal analysis of subjective state and external evaluation of objective behavior.The Defendant-Centered Review Rules will also improve the court review mechanism to resolve the problem of formalization of voluntary review by improving the current situation of the defendant being dominated by the judge's power discourse system, increasing the level of verification of the defendant's true willingness to plead guilty and accept punishment, and reshaping the adjudication authority,

Key words: Judge-Centered, Defendant-Centered, Judgement Deviation, Subjective State, Objective Behavior