摘要： 我国刑法解释和司法实务对同类解释规则的运用有着巨大的现实需求。“同类”标准的供需失衡以及由此带来的法律适用不统一的风险,亟须从释义学层面对刑法同类解释规则“同类”的判断标准加以探讨。“同类”标准的本质是相似性,相似性判断的对象并非仅指具体列举事项和概括项,而是待决案件、具体列举事项和概括项三者及其相互关系。应将“同类”标准中的相似性界定为相关相似性,并在与相关差异性的权重比较中得出相似性的初步结论,进而从价值判断、中间参照物、结论校验三个方面确定相似性判断的应然维度。行为方式的同质性、法益侵害的相当性和刑罚当罚的等值性,是刑法同类解释规则“同类”标准的判断要素。行为方式主要是指犯罪行为实施的具体方法和手段,同质性判断需要适当借助与行为相关的辅助要素;法益侵害相当性需要关注法益变更、程度和后果并结合完整构成要件作实质判断;刑罚当罚性可对刑法例示规定的涵摄范围作一定拓展,等值性的判断既要着眼于刑事诉讼活动的整体视野,也要根据社会发展形势的变化稳妥进行。

关键词: 刑法同类解释规则, “同类”标准, 相似性, 判断要素

Abstract: It is hugely practically necessary to abide by ejusdem generis rules in interpretation and judicial practice of criminal law.The imbalance between the supply and demand of standard of similarity as well as the risk of inconsistent application of law calls for doctrinally shaping the judgment standard of similarity systematically.The essence of the ejusdem generis rules is similarity.The object of similarity judgment does not only refer to specifically enumerated items and generalized items, but also the facts of pending cases, specifically enumerated items, and generalized items and their relationships.The standard of similarity only refers to the relevant similarity.It is necessary to draw a preliminary conclusion from the proportion compared with the relevant distinctions, and then determine the proper dimension of the standard of similarity from the aspects of value judgment, intermediate reference and conclusion verification.The homogeneity of behavior and the equivalence of infringement and punishment are the factors of the ejusdem generis rules of criminal law.The mode of behavior mainly refers to the specific methods and means of the implementation of criminal actions.The judgment of homogeneity needs to properly rely on the auxiliary elements of the behavior.The equivalence of the infringement of legal interests needs to pay attention to the changes of legal interests in the criminal law, the extent and consequences of the infringement, and make a substantial judgment with the complete constituent elements of the criminal law.The appropriateness of punishment can expand the scope of coverage of the exemplary provisions of the criminal law to a certain extent.The judgment of equivalence should not only focus on the overall criminal law but also take into account the changes in society.

Key words: Ejusdem Generis Rules of Criminal Law, Standard of Similarity, Similarity, Judgment Factors