摘要： 宪法原意即宪法规定被制定、修改时的含义。目前,中国宪法原意的生成和更替在理论上缺乏比较系统、相对清晰的时间定位,此种现状不利于宪法原意解释方法的自立和自足。宪法原意具有规范与历史的双重维度,它以宪法规定为基础,生成于制宪、修宪之时并且更替于修宪之际。在中国语境下,它的生成时间与制宪、修宪的过程基本重合,始自执政党的特定中央组织公布最初的制宪、修宪决定,终于全国人大通过宪法(修正案)草案。宪法原意解释应当区分制宪史、修宪史与其前后的历史,后者对宪法原意有所牵涉但本身并不承载宪法原意。宪法原意的全面更替和局部更替分别由全面修宪和局部修宪予以实现。在宪法原意的全面更替之中,制宪时以及既往修宪时的宪法原意有可能在一定程度上得到回溯。就宪法原意的局部更替而言,宪法修正案是限定其范围的标准。

关键词: 宪法原意, 原旨主义, 1954年宪法, 1982年宪法

Abstract: The original meanings of the Constitution refer to what constitutional provisions mean when they were made or changed.Original meanings of the Constitution have two dimensions of norm and history, and they are text-based and generated during constitutional establishment and modifications while replaced during constitutional modifications.In China, their generation times basically coincide with processes of constitutional establishment and modifications, beginning with certain central organization of the ruling party's announcing its initial decision of constitutional establishment or modifications, ending with the National People's Congress's adopting draft Constitutions or draft Constitutional Amendments.Comprehensive and partial replacements of the Constitution's original meanings are realized by its comprehensive and partial modifications respectively.At the time of comprehensive replacements, original meanings that generated during constitutional establishment and past constitutional modifications may be reemployed to some degree.The Constitutional Amendments can serve as the standard to define limits of partial replacements.

Key words: Original Meaning of the Constitution, Originalism, 1954 Constitution, 1982 Constitution