摘要： 《刑法》第239条虽然规定了构成绑架罪的三种情形,但只有“绑架他人作为人质”一种行为类型,因而绑架行为存在统一的构造。从立法沿革、规范根据与法律含义出发,成立绑架罪要求存在行为人、人质与第三人的三方关系。行为人控制被害人之后,向被害人勒索财物的行为构成抢劫罪,不构成绑架罪。立法者通过绑架目的来体现绑架罪的三方关系,这决定了绑架行为只能是单一行为。绑架行为(单一行为)的危害性重于抢劫行为(复合行为),故从绑架罪的法定刑反推绑架行为应为复合行为的主张无法成立。

关键词: 绑架行为的构造, 三方关系说, 两方关系说, 单一行为说, 复合行为说

Abstract: Although Article 239 of the Criminal Law stipulates three situations that constitute the crime of kidnapping, there is only one type of behavior of “kidnapping others as hostages”, so there is a unified construction of kidnapping behavior.Starting from the legislative evolution, normative basis and legal meaning, the establishment of the crime of kidnapping requires the existence of a tripartite relationship between the perpetrator, the hostage and the third party.After the perpetrator controls the victim, the act of extorting property from the victim constitutes the crime of robbery, not the crime of kidnapping.The legislator embodies the tripartite relationship of the crime of kidnapping through the purpose of kidnapping, which determines that the kidnapping behavior can only be a single act.The harmfulness of kidnapping behavior (single act) is more significant than that of robbery behavior (compound act), so the claim that kidnapping behavior should be a compound act cannot be established from the statutory punishment of the crime of kidnapping.

Key words: Construction of Kidnapping Behavior, Tripartite Relationship Theory, Bipartite Relationship Theory, Single Act Theory, Compound Act Theory