摘要： 《刑事诉讼法》中单位犯罪诉讼程序的缺位,与《刑诉法解释》第346条允许单位主体“参照适用”自然人刑事诉讼程序条款范围的模糊,共同导致我国单位主体在刑事诉讼程序中的正当权益保护完全依附于自然人。为了明确单位作为刑事诉讼主体的地位,维持单位刑事诉讼程序中的控辩平衡,应当将单位间接责任论作为构建单位犯罪程序规则的基础。在此基础上,探究单位刑事诉讼权益保护相较于自然人的特殊性,并根据这些特殊性,明确单位意志激励犯罪行为的证明要素和对单位的询问方法,改良单位诉讼代表人制度,完善单位辩护制度。

关键词: 单位刑事诉讼权益, 单位间接责任论, 单位主体的特殊性, 单位诉讼代表人, 单位辩护权

Abstract: Since Chinese Criminal Procedure Law lacks provisions governing litigation procedures for unit crimes, and Article 346 of the Interpretation of the Criminal Procedure Law—which permits units to “reference application” of criminal procedure clauses designed for natural persons—remains ambiguous in scope and boundaries, the protection of legitimate rights and interests of units in criminal proceedings is entirely dependent on those of natural persons.To clarify the legal status of units as subjects in criminal proceedings and maintain the balance between prosecution and defense in unit crime litigation, the Theory of Indirect Liability of Units should serve as the basis for constructing procedural rules for unit crimes.Building on this foundation, it is essential to explore the specificity of the unit defendant in safeguarding rights of units in criminal proceedings compared to natural persons.In accordance with these specificities, efforts must focus on defining evidentiary criteria for proving that units will incentivize criminal acts, developing interrogation methods tailored to units, reforming the system of Units' Representatives in Litigation, and enhancing the system of Units' Right to Defense.

Key words: ights of Units in Criminal Proceedings, Theory of Indirect Liability of Units, The Specificity of the Unit Defendant, Units' Representatives in Litigation, Units' Right to Defense